How to Type Japanese on Your Keyboard in Windows 11 and macOS

Installing a Japanese keyboard on your computer is crucial if you’re learning Japanese or need to type in Japanese for any reason. As we increasingly rely on keyboards for most of our writing needs in the digital age, occasionally integrating handwriting can deepen our cognitive engagement, enriching the learning process. This guide will walk you through the necessary steps to set up a Japanese keyboard on both Windows 11 and macOS. Also, you will learn how to effectively type Hiragana and Katakana using the keyboard.
tutorials

Table of Contents

Installing a Japanese Keyboard

Installing a Japanese Keyboard on Windows 11

1. Open Settings: Click on the Start Menu and select Settings (the gear icon).

2. Navigate to Time & Language: In the Settings window, click on Time & Language.

3. Access Language & Region: In the Time & Language menu, select Language & Region.

4. Add a Language: Under the Preferred languages section, click on Add a language.

5. Choose Japanese: In the Add a language window, type “Japanese” in the search bar and select Japanese from the list. Click Next.

6. Install Language Features: Ensure that the Install language pack option is checked. You can also check the boxes for Set as my display language and Handwriting if desired. Click Install.

7. Switch to Japanese Keyboard: Once installed, you can switch to the Japanese keyboard by clicking the language icon in the taskbar (usually near the clock) and selecting Japanese. You can also use the Windows key + Spacebar shortcut to switch between keyboards.

Installing a Japanese Keyboard on macOS

1. Open System Preferences: Click on the Apple Menu and select System Preferences.

2. Navigate to Keyboard: In the System Preferences window, click on Keyboard.

3. Access Input Sources: In the Keyboard settings, select the Input Sources tab.

4. Add a New Input Source: Click the + button at the bottom of the Input Sources pane.

5. Choose Japanese: In the list of languages, find and select Japanese. You will see several options like Kana and Romaji. Choose the one that suits your preference (Romaji is recommended for beginners). Click Add.

6. Enable Input Menu in Menu Bar: Ensure the option to show the Input menu in the menu bar is checked. This will allow you to easily switch between keyboards from the menu bar.

7. Switch to Japanese Keyboard: To switch to the Japanese keyboard, click on the input menu icon in the menu bar (it looks like a flag) and select Japanese. You can also use the Control + Spacebar shortcut to switch between input sources.

Typing Japanese Characters: A Practical Guide

Understanding the Japanese keyboard layout is essential for typing Hiragana and Katakana efficiently. Here’s how you can start typing these characters.

Hiragana

50音 (Gojuu-on) Standard Hiragana

The Gojuu-on organizes kana into a 5×10 grid, each representing a sound in Japanese, similar to the alphabetical order, including both Hiragana and Katakana.
  • Vowels:
    • あ, い, う, え, お (a, i, u, e, o): Type the corresponding Romaji (Roman letters).
  • Consonants with Vowels:
    • か, き, く, け, こ (ka, ki, ku, ke, ko): Type ‘k’ followed by a vowel.
  • Note:
    • し (shi/si), ち (chi/ti), つ (tsu/tu), ふ (fu/hu): Note the alternative typing options.
    • ん (n): Type ‘n’ twice (nn) to form ん, avoiding forming other syllables.
    • を (wo): Used mainly as a particle, type ‘wo’.

濁音 (Daku-on) Voiced Sounds

Daku-on creates voiced sounds by adding a dakuten「◌゙」to certain kana, changing their pronunciation. They are also called “tenten” or “chonchon.”

  • k → g: For example, か (ka) becomes が (ga).
  • s → z: For example, さ (sa) becomes ざ (za).
  • t → d: For example, た (ta) becomes だ (da).
  • h → b: For example, は (ha) becomes ば (ba).
  • が, ぎ, ぐ, げ, ご (ga, gi, gu, ge, go): Use ‘g’ instead of ‘k’.
  • Note:
    • ぢ, じ, づ (di, ji, dzu or du): Type “di” for ぢ, “ji” for じ, and “dzu” or “du” for づ.

半濁音 (Handaku-on) Semi-Voiced Sounds

Handaku-on semi-voices sounds by adding a handakuten「◌゚」to the h-series kana.

  • h → p: For example, は (ha) becomes ぱ (pa).
  • ぱ, ぴ, ぷ, ぺ, ぽ (pa, pi, pu, pe, po): Use ‘p’ instead of ‘h’.

促音 (Soku-on) Doubled Consonants (Small つ: っ)

Soku-on involves the use of a small “つ” (tsu) to indicate a doubled consonant or a glottal stop, which is an essential part of the timing and rhythm in Japanese speech.

  • Type ‘xtsu’ or ‘double consonant’ to produce a small tsu, indicating a doubled consonant.

Long Vowel Sounds in Hiragana

Long vowel sounds in Hiragana are created by adding a corresponding vowel kana after the initial kana. Here’s how it works:

  • Extend the sound of by adding あ (e.g., ああ for “aa”).
  • Extend the sound of by adding い (e.g., いい or えい for “ii” or “ei”).
  • Extend the sound of by adding う (e.g., おう for “ou”).
  • Long a, o, and u sounds are written with macrons: ā, ō, and ū. Sometimes, “ou” or “oo” is used for long “ō” following kana spelling.
  • Long e and i sounds are usually written as ei/ee and ii, but for new words, they are written with macrons: ē and ī.

Katakana

Differences from Hiragana

Katakana follows the same Gojuu-on structure and rules for voiced, semi-voiced, palatalized, and doubled consonants. The key difference is in the representation and usage.

  • Vowels:
    • ア, イ, ウ, エ, オ (a, i, u, e, o): Type the corresponding Romaji (Roman letters).
  • Consonants with Vowels:
    • カ, キ, ク, ケ, コ (ka, ki, ku, ke, ko): Type ‘k’ followed by a vowel.
  • Long Vowel Sounds:
    • Long vowel sounds in Katakana are indicated by a dash (ー) instead of repeating the vowel kana.
    • Examples:
      • カー (ka-) – car
      • ルーム (ru-mu) – room
      • ケーキ (ke-ki) – cake

The Small 「ァ, ィ, ゥ, ェ, ォ」
Small versions of the vowels ア, イ, ウ, エ, オ (ァ, ィ, ゥ, ェ, ォ) are used for writing sounds not originally in Japanese. For example:

  • ファ (fa): Combining フ (fu) with ァ (small a).
  • ティ (ti): Combining テ (te) with ィ (small i).
  • ヴォ (vo): Combining ヴ (vu) with ォ (small o).

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